Lumbar hernia:
This type of hernia appears in the lumbar region, exiting through weak points in the lumbar region, the so-called lumbar triangles:
- Lower, known as Petit's triangle, which is located between the latissimus dorsi muscle, the external oblique abdominal muscle and the crest of the iliac bone.
- Upper, known as Grynfeltt's triangle, located between the quadratus psoas muscle, the internal oblique abdominal muscle and the 12th rib.
Parastomial hernia:
This is a type of post-operative hernia that appears at the site of the stomach, where the integrity of the abdominal wall has been compromised in order to remove it.
Spiegel's hernia:
A Spiegel hernia is a rare hernia. It is a defect /hole/ of the front abdominal wall, located 4-5 cm below the navel to the left or right of the midline of the abdomen. It is manifested by the presence of periodic discomfort, pain and/or swelling of the abdominal wall, appearing when standing, during physical exertion and disappearing when lying down. In some cases, an examination by a surgeon is sufficient to diagnose the hernia, but often times in obese patients and/or with a small hernia this is impossible. Then the patient is referred for an ultrasound examination of the abdominal wall, a scanner or an MRI. The only treatment for Spiegel's hernia is surgery.
There are two methods of operation: conventional /with an incision in the area of the hernia/ and laparoscopic /with several small incisions of 5-10 mm on the abdominal wall/. In the case of small hernias, only suturing of the defect /hole/ is sufficient, in the case of larger hernias, it is mandatory to place a mesh.
The complication that can occur with a Spiegel hernia (as with all other hernias) is that it becomes stuck. The entrapment represents severe pain in the area of the defect /hole/, if there is a swelling, it is very painful and does not disappear regardless of the position of the body. Nausea, vomiting, bloating, inability to defecate appear. This condition requires urgent surgical treatment, i.e. within hours of diagnosis. Emergency surgery can also result in the removal of part of the bowel if you have waited too long before seeking help from a surgeon. Therefore, the earlier the hernia is diagnosed and operated on, the easier the recovery period is and the faster you return to your usual daily life. This type of hernia is named after the Flemish anatomist Adriaan van der Spieghel, who described the semilunar line of the abdominal wall coinciding with the outer edge of the rectus abdominis muscle. It is there, at the level of the navel and a few fingers below, that this rare hernia occurs.
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