According to data from the National Cancer Registry, breast cancer is the most widespread type of cancer in Bulgaria. Since 2012, between 3,500 and 4,000 new cases have been diagnosed annually in the country. Although rare, the disease can also affect men. A concerning trend is that the number of new cases continues to rise, while Bulgaria still lacks a national screening program for early detection. This means that the responsibility for prevention lies primarily with each individual.
Unfortunately, Bulgaria remains among the EU countries with the lowest cancer survival rates, including for breast cancer.
What Is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer is a malignant disease in which tumor cells develop in the ducts or lobules of the breast gland tissue. The most common early sign is the appearance of a lump or thickening that a woman can detect through self-examination.
Risk Factors
Having risk factors does not necessarily mean that the disease will develop, but it does increase the likelihood of occurrence. It’s important to be aware of them:
- Genetic predisposition – carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations have a higher risk. In men, these genes may also increase the risk of prostate cancer.
- Family history – especially if a first-degree relative (such as the mother) has been affected.
- Age – the risk increases with age, although in recent years there has been a concerning trend toward younger diagnoses.
- Hormonal factors – early menopause or prolonged use of hormonal medications.
- Late childbirth (after the age of 35) or no pregnancies.
- Lifestyle factors – sedentary behavior, stress, smoking, poor diet.
When to See a Breast Specialist
The most common reasons to consult a breast specialist are:
- Appearance of a lump or thickening
- Pain or tenderness in the breast
- Changes in the shape or size of the breast
- Skin or nipple changes – redness, dimpling, discharge
It’s important to remember that breast cancer can be asymptomatic, and diagnosis is often made only through preventive screening.
You don’t need to have symptoms to schedule a breast check-up.
Diagnostic Methods
- Breast ultrasound – recommended annually for women aged 25 to 40, or more frequently if abnormalities are found.
- Mammography – the main screening method for women aged 40 to 75, usually performed every two years. There are 2D, 3D, and contrast-enhanced types. The radiation risk is far outweighed by the benefit of early tumor detection.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) – a highly specialized method used at the discretion of the breast specialist.
- Self-examination – performed once a month, ideally a few days after menstruation.
Early Detection Saves Lives
The earlier breast cancer is detected, the higher the chances of complete recovery. The prognosis depends on the stage and nature of the tumor, but compared to other types of cancer, breast cancer diagnosed in its early stages generally has a favorable outcome.
A preventive examination today can save your life tomorrow. Book an appointment at VITA Hospital by calling 02 45 22 000 or online via this link
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