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There are various theories about the origin of endometriosis. The most popular of these is that cells from the interior of the uterus (endometrium) migrate into the abdominal cavity, affecting mainly the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, intestines, peritoneum and bladder.
The most common clinical manifestations of endometriosis are painful menstruation, painful intercourse, painful defecation, disrupted menstrual cycle and infertility. Pain of varying intensity is the most characteristic complaint. As a result of the disease, so-called "chocolate cysts" of the ovaries develop, adhesions form, the patency of the fallopian tubes is disrupted, and in about 50% of cases infertility results.
Treatment can be medicinal or surgical, but the gold standard is laparoscopic surgical removal of the endometriotic cysts followed by medicinal treatment with drugs that block the menstrual cycle (GnRH analogues). This way the risk of endometriosis recurrence is lowest.
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