Surgical Treatment of Burns

Information

Burns are a common injury that, in many cases, is underestimated by the patient, and sometimes also by physicians providing medical care in non-specialized hospitals and departments. The skin is the largest and most complex organ in the human body, performing many important functions - it provides a barrier between harmful microorganisms and unfavorable environmental factors, and the human body. It supports immunity, regulates body temperature, and helps maintain the constant composition of bodily fluids. The skin also has sensory and a number of other important functions.

When a burn occurs, the skin's integrity is disrupted and it can no longer perform its functions. If the percentage of the burn is high, the human body cannot compensate for the impaired functions, pathological changes occur in all organs and systems, and with improper treatment, the prognosis is quite unfavorable. With inadequate treatment, even small burns can result in lasting aesthetic and functional consequences. The treatment of thermal injury requires a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach and highly trained specialists.

Treatment of superficial burns (1st and 2nd degree)

1st and 2nd degree burns are those expected to heal within two to three weeks. Treatment includes hydrotherapy and surgical removal of all dead tissue, with the intervention naturally being performed under anesthesia. A topical preparation is applied to the affected area, often specialized dressings containing nanocrystalline silver. Silver is a powerful antiseptic and protects the wound from infection until it heals. After complete epithelialization, hydration of the affected area is recommended, along with protection from direct sunlight for a period of at least six months.

Treatment of deep burns (2nd and 3rd degree)

Deep 2nd and 3rd degree burns require more extensive intervention to restore the skin. Under general anesthesia, the dead tissue is surgically removed and the wounds are covered with a free skin autograft, using either a full-thickness or split-thickness dermal autograft. In limited burns, it is possible to cover the defect with local tissue. During the postoperative period, a strict hygienic-dietary regimen is followed, and rehabilitation begins as early as possible.

For a consultation, please contact the Small and Medium-Area Burns Sector at VITA Hospital.