Information

What are the symptoms of kidney stone disease?

Patients usually complain of pain in the lumbar region on the side corresponding to the stone. The pain can range from severe and colicky to dull and constant. The condition may also be asymptomatic (without pain), which is more often observed with larger stones. The smaller the stone, the greater the likelihood that it will move along the ureter and trigger a renal crisis.

How are kidney stones diagnosed?

The examination includes a consultation, ultrasound imaging, X-ray, supplemented if necessary by a contrast study (urography) or computed tomography.

What is percutaneous nephrolithotripsy?

This is a surgical, endoscopic method for removing kidney stones larger than 2 cm and those that could not be fragmented and removed by other methods, such as extracorporeal lithotripsy and uretero-nephrolithotripsy.

What are the advantages of the intervention?

This is a minimally invasive surgery. It does not change the anatomy of the kidney. If necessary, it can be performed more than once. In 90% of cases, it guarantees removal of the stone from the kidney without the need for additional procedures. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy avoids the large incision needed for access to the kidney. The method also significantly shortens the hospital stay and recovery time.

How long does the intervention take?

Depending on the size and location of the stone, the procedure is performed within 20 to 45 minutes.

What type of anesthesia is used?

General anesthesia is required, in order to ensure complete stillness and effective pain relief.

How is the stone "removed" from the body?

Access to the kidney is achieved through a puncture, usually of the lower or middle group of calyces. The puncture is made through a small incision of about 10 mm, through which an optical instrument (a nephroscope) is inserted. A probe connected to a high-frequency sound wave generator is inserted through the working channel of the nephroscope. This breaks the stone into small particles, which are suctioned out and removed from the kidney, while larger fragments are removed with special forceps. The entire procedure is carried out under X-ray and optical guidance.

Does the patient need to follow any particular diet before percutaneous nephrolithotripsy?

The standard protocol applicable before any surgical intervention is followed.

Are there any complications and risks?

Yes. Even minimally invasive surgeries carry a risk of bleeding, infection, or other complications. Overall, however, the risk of affecting other organs is small.

How long is the hospital stay for percutaneous nephrolithotripsy?

3-5 days. Until the third day after the intervention, the patient has a nephrostomy drain in place.

Can a patient diagnosed with kidney stones delay treatment?

Although slowly, the stone continues to grow. In such a situation, the risk of kidney infection becomes high. At the same time, there is a danger that the stone may block the kidney and lead to kidney failure.

Does the problem sometimes recur, with a new stone forming in the kidney?

Yes, since for each of us, the anatomy of the renal cavities is a given. At the same time, everyday living conditions, dietary habits, and hygiene habits are difficult to change.

Can you give any advice on preventing kidney stones?

It is recommended to have an adequate intake of fluids and to take preventive measures against kidney infections.